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GenericAssertions

GenericAssertions 类提供了一些断言方法,可用于对测试中的任意值进行断言。通过调用 expect() 可以创建一个新的 GenericAssertions 实例:

🌐 The GenericAssertions class provides assertion methods that can be used to make assertions about any values in the tests. A new instance of GenericAssertions is created by calling expect():

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test('assert a value', async ({ page }) => {
const value = 1;
expect(value).toBe(2);
});

方法

🌐 Methods

any

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.any

expect.any() 匹配由 constructor 创建的任何对象实例或相应的原始类型。在 expect(value).toEqual() 中使用它以执行模式匹配。

用法

// Match instance of a class.
class Example {}
expect(new Example()).toEqual(expect.any(Example));

// Match any number.
expect({ prop: 1 }).toEqual({ prop: expect.any(Number) });

// Match any string.
expect('abc').toEqual(expect.any(String));

参数

  • constructor Function#

    期望对象的构造函数,如 ExampleClass,或像 Number 这样的原始类型封装类型。


anything

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.anything

expect.anything() 匹配除 nullundefined 之外的所有内容。将其用于 expect(value).toEqual() 中以执行模式匹配。

用法

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toEqual({ prop: expect.anything() });
expect(value).not.toEqual({ otherProp: expect.anything() });

arrayContaining

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.arrayContaining

expect.arrayContaining() 匹配包含预期数组中所有元素的数组,顺序可以任意。请注意,接收到的数组可能是预期数组的超集,并包含一些额外的元素。

expect(value).toEqual() 中使用此方法来执行模式匹配。

🌐 Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

用法

expect([1, 2, 3]).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([3, 1]));
expect([1, 2, 3]).not.toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([1, 4]));

参数

  • expected Array<Object>#

    预期数组是接收值的子集。


arrayOf

Added in: v1.57 genericAssertions.arrayOf

expect.arrayOf() 匹配由 constructor 创建的对象数组或相应的原始类型。在 expect(value).toEqual() 中使用它来执行模式匹配。

用法

// Match instance of a class.
class Example {}
expect([new Example(), new Example()]).toEqual(expect.arrayOf(Example));

// Match any string.
expect(['a', 'b', 'c']).toEqual(expect.arrayOf(String));

参数

  • constructor Function#

    期望对象的构造函数,如 ExampleClass,或像 Number 这样的原始类型封装类型。


closeTo

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.closeTo

比较浮点数的近似相等。在 expect(value).toEqual() 中使用此方法以执行模式匹配。如果仅比较两个数字,建议使用 expect(value).toBeCloseTo()

🌐 Compares floating point numbers for approximate equality. Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching. When just comparing two numbers, prefer expect(value).toBeCloseTo().

用法

expect({ prop: 0.1 + 0.2 }).not.toEqual({ prop: 0.3 });
expect({ prop: 0.1 + 0.2 }).toEqual({ prop: expect.closeTo(0.3, 5) });

参数

  • expected number#

    期望值。

  • numDigits number (optional)#

    小数点后的小数位数必须相等。


objectContaining

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.objectContaining

expect.objectContaining() 匹配包含并符合预期对象中所有属性的对象。请注意,接收到的对象可能是预期对象的超集,并且包含一些额外的属性。

expect(value).toEqual() 内使用此方法进行模式匹配。对象属性可以是匹配器,以进一步放宽期望。参见示例。

🌐 Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching. Object properties can be matchers to further relax the expectation. See examples.

用法

// Assert some of the properties.
expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ foo: 1 }));

// Matchers can be used on the properties as well.
expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ bar: expect.any(Number) }));

// Complex matching of sub-properties.
expect({
list: [1, 2, 3],
obj: { prop: 'Hello world!', another: 'some other value' },
extra: 'extra',
}).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({
list: expect.arrayContaining([2, 3]),
obj: expect.objectContaining({ prop: expect.stringContaining('Hello') }),
}));

参数

  • expected Object#

    包含属性子集的预期对象模式。


stringContaining

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.stringContaining

expect.stringContaining() 匹配包含预期子字符串的字符串。在 expect(value).toEqual() 内使用此方法以执行模式匹配。

用法

expect('Hello world!').toEqual(expect.stringContaining('Hello'));

参数

  • expected string#

    预期的子串。


stringMatching

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.stringMatching

expect.stringMatching() 匹配接收到的字符串,该字符串符合预期的模式。在 expect(value).toEqual() 中使用此方法进行模式匹配。

用法

expect('123ms').toEqual(expect.stringMatching(/\d+m?s/));

// Inside another matcher.
expect({
status: 'passed',
time: '123ms',
}).toEqual({
status: expect.stringMatching(/passed|failed/),
time: expect.stringMatching(/\d+m?s/),
});

参数


toBe

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBe

通过调用 Object.is 将值与 expected 进行比较。此方法通过引用而不是内容比较对象,类似于严格相等运算符 ===

🌐 Compares value with expected by calling Object.is. This method compares objects by reference instead of their contents, similarly to the strict equality operator ===.

用法

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toBe(value);
expect(value).not.toBe({});
expect(value.prop).toBe(1);

参数


toBeCloseTo

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeCloseTo

比较浮点数是否大致相等。在比较浮点数时,应使用此方法,而不是 expect(value).toBe()

🌐 Compares floating point numbers for approximate equality. Use this method instead of expect(value).toBe() when comparing floating point numbers.

用法

expect(0.1 + 0.2).not.toBe(0.3);
expect(0.1 + 0.2).toBeCloseTo(0.3, 5);

参数

  • expected number#

    期望值。

  • numDigits number (optional)#

    小数点后的小数位数必须相等。


toBeDefined

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeDefined

确保值不是 undefined

🌐 Ensures that value is not undefined.

用法

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeDefined();

toBeFalsy

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeFalsy

确保在布尔上下文中值为 false,即 false0''nullundefinedNaN 之一。当你不关心具体值时使用此方法。

🌐 Ensures that value is false in a boolean context, one of false, 0, '', null, undefined or NaN. Use this method when you don't care about the specific value.

用法

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeFalsy();

toBeGreaterThan

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeGreaterThan

确保 value > expected 用于数字或大整数值。

🌐 Ensures that value > expected for number or big integer values.

用法

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(1);

参数

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    要比较的值。


toBeGreaterThanOrEqual

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeGreaterThanOrEqual

确保 value >= expected 用于数字或大整数值。

🌐 Ensures that value >= expected for number or big integer values.

用法

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(42);

参数

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    要比较的值。


toBeInstanceOf

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeInstanceOf

确保值是某个类的实例。使用 instanceof 运算符。

🌐 Ensures that value is an instance of a class. Uses instanceof operator.

用法

expect(page).toBeInstanceOf(Page);

class Example {}
expect(new Example()).toBeInstanceOf(Example);

参数


toBeLessThan

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeLessThan

确保 value < expected 用于数字或大整数值。

🌐 Ensures that value < expected for number or big integer values.

用法

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeLessThan(100);

参数

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    要比较的值。


toBeLessThanOrEqual

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeLessThanOrEqual

确保 value <= expected 用于数字或大整数值。

🌐 Ensures that value <= expected for number or big integer values.

用法

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeLessThanOrEqual(42);

参数

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    要比较的值。


toBeNaN

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeNaN

确保值为 NaN

🌐 Ensures that value is NaN.

用法

const value = NaN;
expect(value).toBeNaN();

toBeNull

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeNull

确保值为 null

🌐 Ensures that value is null.

用法

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeNull();

toBeTruthy

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeTruthy

确保在布尔上下文中值为 true,除了 false0''nullundefinedNaN。当你不关心具体值时使用此方法。

🌐 Ensures that value is true in a boolean context, anything but false, 0, '', null, undefined or NaN. Use this method when you don't care about the specific value.

用法

const value = { example: 'value' };
expect(value).toBeTruthy();

toBeUndefined

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeUndefined

确保值为 undefined

🌐 Ensures that value is undefined.

用法

const value = undefined;
expect(value).toBeUndefined();

toContain(expected)

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContain(expected)

确保字符串值包含预期的子字符串。比较区分大小写。

🌐 Ensures that string value contains an expected substring. Comparison is case-sensitive.

用法

const value = 'Hello, World';
expect(value).toContain('World');
expect(value).toContain(',');

参数

  • expected string#

    预期的子串。


toContain(expected)

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContain(expected)

确保值是 ArraySet,并且包含预期的项目。

🌐 Ensures that value is an Array or Set and contains an expected item.

用法

const value = [1, 2, 3];
expect(value).toContain(2);
expect(new Set(value)).toContain(2);

参数

  • expected Object#

    集合中的期望值。。


toContainEqual

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContainEqual

确保值是 ArraySet,并且包含一个等于预期的项目。

🌐 Ensures that value is an Array or Set and contains an item equal to the expected.

对于对象,该方法会递归地检查所有字段的相等性,而不是像 expect(value).toContain() 那样通过引用比较对象。

🌐 For objects, this method recursively checks equality of all fields, rather than comparing objects by reference as performed by expect(value).toContain().

对于原始值,此方法相当于 expect(value).toContain()

🌐 For primitive values, this method is equivalent to expect(value).toContain().

用法

const value = [
{ example: 1 },
{ another: 2 },
{ more: 3 },
];
expect(value).toContainEqual({ another: 2 });
expect(new Set(value)).toContainEqual({ another: 2 });

参数

  • expected Object#

    集合中的期望值。。


toEqual

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toEqual

将值的内容与 expected 的内容进行比较,执行“深度相等”检查。

🌐 Compares contents of the value with contents of expected, performing "deep equality" check.

对于对象,该方法会递归地检查所有字段的相等性,而不是像 expect(value).toBe() 那样通过引用比较对象。

🌐 For objects, this method recursively checks equality of all fields, rather than comparing objects by reference as performed by expect(value).toBe().

对于原始值,此方法相当于 expect(value).toBe()

🌐 For primitive values, this method is equivalent to expect(value).toBe().

用法

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toEqual({ prop: 1 });

非严格相等

expect(value).toEqual() 会执行深度相等检查,比对接收到的值和预期值的内容。要确保两个对象引用同一个实例,应改用 expect(value).toBe()

expect(value).toEqual() ignores undefined properties and array items, and does not insist on object types being equal. For stricter matching, use expect(value).toStrictEqual().

模式匹配

expect(value).toEqual() 也可以用来对对象、数组和原始类型进行模式匹配,借助以下匹配器:

下面是一个断言复杂对象内的一些值的示例:

🌐 Here is an example that asserts some of the values inside a complex object:

expect({
list: [1, 2, 3],
obj: { prop: 'Hello world!', another: 'some other value' },
extra: 'extra',
}).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({
list: expect.arrayContaining([2, 3]),
obj: expect.objectContaining({ prop: expect.stringContaining('Hello') }),
}));

参数


toHaveLength

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toHaveLength

确保值具有一个 .length 属性,其值等于 expected。适用于数组和字符串。

🌐 Ensures that value has a .length property equal to expected. Useful for arrays and strings.

用法

expect('Hello, World').toHaveLength(12);
expect([1, 2, 3]).toHaveLength(3);

参数


toHaveProperty

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toHaveProperty

确保对象上存在提供的 keyPath 属性,并可选择性地检查该属性是否等于 expected。相等性检查是递归进行的,类似于 expect(value).toEqual()

🌐 Ensures that property at provided keyPath exists on the object and optionally checks that property is equal to the expected. Equality is checked recursively, similarly to expect(value).toEqual().

用法

const value = {
a: {
b: [42],
},
c: true,
};
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b');
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b', [42]);
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b[0]', 42);
expect(value).toHaveProperty('c');
expect(value).toHaveProperty('c', true);

参数

  • keyPath string#

    属性的路径。使用点表示法 a.b 检查嵌套属性,使用索引 a[2] 表示法检查嵌套数组项。

  • expected Object (optional)#

    用于与属性进行比较的可选预期值。


toMatch

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toMatch

确保字符串值与正则表达式匹配。

🌐 Ensures that string value matches a regular expression.

用法

const value = 'Is 42 enough?';
expect(value).toMatch(/Is \d+ enough/);

参数


toMatchObject

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toMatchObject

将值的内容与 expected 的内容进行比较,执行“深度相等”检查。与 expect(value).toEqual() 不同,它允许值中存在额外属性,因此你可以只检查对象属性的一个子集。

🌐 Compares contents of the value with contents of expected, performing "deep equality" check. Allows extra properties to be present in the value, unlike expect(value).toEqual(), so you can check just a subset of object properties.

比较数组时,项目数必须匹配,并且递归检查每个项目。

🌐 When comparing arrays, the number of items must match, and each item is checked recursively.

用法

const value = {
a: 1,
b: 2,
c: true,
};
expect(value).toMatchObject({ a: 1, c: true });
expect(value).toMatchObject({ b: 2, c: true });

expect([{ a: 1, b: 2 }]).toMatchObject([{ a: 1 }]);

参数


toStrictEqual

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toStrictEqual

将值的内容与 expected 的内容 类型进行比较。

🌐 Compares contents of the value with contents of expected and their types.

expect(value).toEqual() 的区别:

🌐 Differences from expect(value).toEqual():

  • 具有未定义属性的键会被检查。例如,{ a: undefined, b: 2 } 不匹配 { b: 2 }
  • 数组稀疏性已检查。例如,[, 1] 不匹配 [undefined, 1]
  • 对象类型会被检查是否相等。例如,具有字段 ab 的类实例不会等于具有字段 ab 的字面对象。

用法

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toStrictEqual({ prop: 1 });

参数


toThrow

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toThrow

调用该函数并确保它抛出错误。

🌐 Calls the function and ensures it throws an error.

可选择地将错误与预期值进行比较。允许的预期值为:

🌐 Optionally compares the error with expected. Allowed expected values:

  • 正则表达式 - 错误信息应当符合该模式。
  • 字符串 - 错误信息应包含该子字符串。
  • 错误对象 - 错误消息应等于对象的 message 属性。
  • 错误类 - 错误对象应当是该类的实例

用法

expect(() => {
throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow();

expect(() => {
throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow(/something/);

expect(() => {
throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow(Error);

参数

  • expected Object (optional)#

    预期的错误消息或错误对象。


toThrowError

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toThrowError

expect(value).toThrow() 的别名。

🌐 An alias for expect(value).toThrow().

用法

expect(() => {
throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrowError();

参数

  • expected Object (optional)#

    预期的错误消息或错误对象。


属性

🌐 Properties

not

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.not

使断言检查相反的条件。例如,以下代码将通过:

🌐 Makes the assertion check for the opposite condition. For example, the following code passes:

const value = 1;
expect(value).not.toBe(2);

用法

expect(value).not

类型